By Jimmy Zwane | 16 October 2025
A recent study conducted at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in Johannesburg has revealed a concerning mental health trend: nearly 48% of undergraduate participants screened positive for probable depression.
The research used the PHQ‑2 questionnaire to detect signs of probable depression among students. With a response rate of 8.4% (1,046 out of 12,404 invited), the study analyzed 910 valid responses. Of those, 439 students (48%) screened positive. The screening does not equate to a clinical diagnosis, but it suggests a high prevalence of depressive symptoms warranting further attention.
The study highlights several socio‑demographic and behavioral factors linked to higher or lower odds of probable depression: Students identifying as white were 36% less likely to screen positive than Black students. Those who could afford basic necessities—but few luxury goods—were 50% less likely to screen positive compared to those struggling with even essentials. Students who could afford luxury items had 56% lower odds of probable depression relative to more financially constrained peers. Regarding substance use, cannabis use was associated with a 29% higher likelihood of screening positive. Interestingly, in this study, alcohol or tobacco use did not show a significant association with depression scores. These findings align with other research in low‑ and middle‑income settings, where financial stress and substance use are often key correlates of mental health issues.
University students are especially vulnerable to mental health challenges. Depression in this group is linked to lower academic performance, reduced productivity, higher risk of substance abuse later in life, and increased risk of suicidal behavior. Given Johannesburg’s status as a major student hub, the lack of region‑specific data had limited targeted intervention efforts—making this study particularly critical.
To address the mental health crisis on campus, several steps are recommended: Strengthen screening and referral systems for depression and associated risk behaviors (like substance use) in universities. Increase awareness of existing counselling services and mental health resources—both on campus and in the broader community (e.g. SADAG). Target support for vulnerable groups, especially those under financial strain or with substance use histories. Ongoing research and monitoring to track trends, evaluate interventions, and expand data coverage across regions.
While the results should be interpreted cautiously (given the relatively low response rate), the high prevalence of probable depression is a warning signal—one that demands action from universities, health professionals, and policymakers.
Follow us @GautengN on X and SA Varsity News on Facebook for more in-depth stories and updates on student mental health.
